fvcom user manual

FVCOM was originally coded for sigma-coordinates in the vertical and now has been upgraded to a generalized terrian-following coordinate system with choices of various topographic-following coordinates. FVCOM is written with Fortran 90 with MPI parallelization, and runs efficiently on single and multi-processor machines. This program is only permitted for use in non-commercial academic research and education. Users are required to register in orde to receive the source codes, demo examples, and user manuals as well as some recommended postprocessing tools. However we do not intent to Page 160 and 161: small scale turbulence.Thank you, for helping us keep this platform clean. The editors will have a look at it as soon as possible. The irregular bottom topography is represented using the s-coordinate transformation, and the horizontal grids are comprised of unstructured triangular cells. FVCOM solves the governing equations in integral form by computing fluxes between non-overlapping horizontal triangular control volumes. This finite-volume approach combines the best of finite- element methods (FEM) for geometric flexibility and finite-difference methods (FDM) for simple discrete structures and computational efficiency. This numerical approach also provides a much better representation of mass, momentum, salt, and heat conservation in coastal and estuarine regions with complex geometry. The conservative nature of FVCOM in addition to its flexible grid topology and code simplicity make FVCOM ideally suited for interdisciplinary application in the coastal ocean. The initial development of FVCOM was started by a team effort led by C. Chen in 1999 at the University of Georgia with support from the Georgia Sea Grant College Program.FVCOM-An unstructured grid Finite-Volume Community Documents Oceanography COASTAL OCEAN MODEL FVCOM Oceanography Vol. 19, No. 1, Mar. 2006 A state-of-the-art coastal ocean cir-culation model system requires: (1) grid.

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The model consists of momentum, continuity, temperature, salinity and density equations and is closed physically and mathematically using turbulence closure submodels. The horizontal grid is comprised of unstructured triangular cells and the irregular bottom is preseented using generalized terrain-following coordinates. The General Ocean Turbulent Model (GOTM) developed by Burchard’s research group in Germany (Burchard, 2002) has been added to FVCOM to provide optional vertical turbulent closure schemes. FVCOM is solved numerically by a second-order accurate discrete flux calculation in the integral form of the governing equations over an unstructured triangular grid. This approach combines the best features of finite-element methods (grid flexibility) and finite-difference methods (numerical efficiency and code simplicity) and provides a much better numerical representation of both local and global momentum, mass, salt, heat, and tracer conservation. The ability of FVCOM to accurately solve scalar conservation equations in addition to the topological flexibility provided by unstructured meshes and the simplicity of the coding structure has make FVCOM ideally suited for many coastal and interdisciplinary scientific applications. This model has been upgraded to the spherical coordinate system for basin and global applications. A non-hydrostatic version of FVCOM has been coded and is being tested. FBM includes seven groups: nutrients, autotrophy, heterotrophy, detritus, dissolved organic matter, bacteria, and other. With various pre-built functions and parameters for these groups, GBM allows users to either select a pre-built biological model (such as NPZ, NPZD, etc.) or to build their own biological model using the pre-defined pool of biological variables and parameterization functions.

This finite-volume approach combines the best of finite-element methods (FEM) for geometric flexibility and finite-difference methods (FDM) for simple discrete structures and computational efficiency. The first manuscript about this new model was submitted to Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology in 2000 and published in 2003. This new code structure was the origin of FVCOM v3.0. Sea Grant College Program.; et al Sea Grant College Program), no.Either mode-split or semi-implicit schemes can be selected. This new code structure was the origin of FVCOM v3.0. Please select Ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway. FVCOM solves the governing equations on Cartesian or spherical coordinates in integral form by computing fluxes between non-overlapping horizontal triangular control volumes. Either mode-split or semi-implicit schemes can be selected. The first manuscript about this new model was submitted to Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology in 2000 and published in 2003.All rights reserved. You can easily create a free account. We also use non-essential cookies to help us improve our websites. Any data collected is anonymised. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. FindPart 2: Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Sub-Domain Part 2: Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Sub-DomainPentland Firth and Orkney Waters Strategic Area: Marine Energy. Resources. Report R.1936. The Crown Estate. Agency. Section A.4.2.1. Characteristics of Tidal Flow in the Pentland Firth. Proceedings ofSouthampton, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.International Journal of Marine Energy 3-4 (2013) e1-e10. Meteorology and Wave ClimateStuebe, Q. Xu, P. Xue, J. Ge, S. Hu, R. Ji, R. Tian, H. Huang, L. Wu, H. Lin, Y. Sun and L. Zhao, 2013. An Unstructured Grid. Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model Manual, v3.1.6, Fourth Edition, Marine Renewable Energy. Guides. European Marine Energy Centre, Orkney.

The ability of FVCOM to accurately solve scalar conservation equations in addition to the topological flexibility provided by unstructured meshes and the simplicity of the coding structure has make FVCOM ideally suited for many coastal and interdisciplinary scientific applications.These include:With various pre-built functions and parameters for these groups, GBM allows users to either select a pre-built biological model (such as NPZ, NPZD, etc.) or to build their own biological model using the pre-defined pool of biological variables and parameterization functions.A non-hydrostatic version of FVCOM has been coded and is being tested.This program is only permitted for use in non-commercial academic research and education. Some features of WorldCat will not be available.By continuing to use the site, you are agreeing to OCLC’s placement of cookies on your device. Find out more here. Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this WorldCat.org search. OCLC’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus issues in their communities.However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. Please enter recipient e-mail address(es). Please re-enter recipient e-mail address(es). Please enter your name. Please enter the subject. Please enter the message. Author: Changsheng Chen; Robert C Beardsley; Geoffrey W Cowles; J Qi; Zhiqang Lai; Guoping Gao; David Allen Stuebe; Qichun Xu; Pengfei Xue, Ph. D; Jianzhong Ge; Rubao Ji; Song Hu; Rucheng Tian; Haosheng Huang; Lunyu Wu; H Lin; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sea Grant College ProgramSea Grant College Program), no. Sea Grant College Program), no.Either mode-split or semi-implicit schemes can be selected.

The Scottish Shelf Model. Part 1: Shelf-Wide Domain. Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science. Vol 7 No 3. Prepared by Marine Scotland Science, 151pp. Mishonov, A., Technical Ed., 14pp General Assembly, Nice, France, 25-30 April 2004, Geophysical. Research Abstracts 6. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. For Later 0% 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 324 Search inside document. The CFD model resolves small-scale flows, the FVCOM predicts large-scale background currents, and the resulting hybrid system is able to capture flow phenomena with spatial scales from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers. The coupling is two-way and realized using domain decomposition with aid of Chimera overset grids. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed hybrid approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Recommended articles No articles found. Citing articles Article Metrics View article metrics About ScienceDirect Remote access Shopping cart Advertise Contact and support Terms and conditions Privacy policy We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Might we suggest the following solutions? You might find other great items you weren't even looking for. By continuing on this site, you consent to their use. Read our Privacy Policy for more info and to amend settings.He uses techniques that span isotope geochemistry, next generation DNA sequencing, and satellite tagging to study the ecology of a wide variety of ocean species. He recently discovered that blue sharks use warm water ocean tunnels, or eddies, to dive to the ocean twilight zone, where they forage in nutrient-rich waters hundreds of meters down.

Analysis, Christopher Amante, Grid, version 20100927, In Anonymous (eds.) ProceedingsWaters. Report prepared for Marine Scotland, November 2012. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics.Allen, J.I. 2012. Data Variability on the East Shetland Shelf, 333 pp, PhD Thesis. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen. Assembly 2011, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 13, Changes due to Shoreface Nourishment, Proc. Coastal dynamics '01. Lund, Sweden June 2001. High-resolution metocean modelling at Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, 2009 Wave Energy Extraction in Regional Scale Numerical Models, TeraWatt. Position paper - Wave Energy extraction, v2.3, December 2013 Martin, M.J., Siddom, J.R., Storkey, D., While, J., Holt, J.T. and. Liu, H. 2012. Ordnance survey landform, user guide andUser guide and technical specification. London. Envrironmental Research Council. Chichester. Lai, Z. 2009. An unstructured-grid fivite-volume surface wave modelOcean Modelling. Volume 28. IssueRepresentation of Wave Energy Converters in a Spectral Wave Model. In Anonymous (eds.) Proceedings of the 9th European Wave and Tidal. Energy Conference, Held. (cited by MacIver et al, 2013) Delft University of Technology. Hernandez, A., Kelly, G.A., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka. N., Allan, R.P., Andersson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M.A. Beljaars, A.C.M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Caires. S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac. Hoskins, B.J., Isaksen, L., Janssen, P.A.E.M., Jenne, R., McNally. A.P., Mahfouf, J.-F., Morcrette, J.-J., Rayner, N.A., Saunders. R.W., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Trenberth, K.E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic. D., Viterbo, P. and Woollen, J. 2005. The ERA-40 re-analysis. Anonymous (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on. Ocean Energy, Held. (cited by MacIver et al, 2013) In: Proceedings of the 30th. International Conference on Coastal Engineering, San Diego, 4-8. September 2006. San Diego, 539-551. M., Gallego, A., O'Hara Murray, R. 2015.

” Williams and her crewmates are working closely with Boeing to develop their new spacecraft systems, which will provide roundtrip crew transportation services to the International Space Station and, along with SpaceX’s CrewDragon, return the ability to launch humans into space from United States soil. Her research explores how the larvae of seafloor invertebrates such as anemones and sea stars disperse to isolated, island-like habitats, how larvae settle and colonize new sites, and how their communities change over time. Kirstin is currently Principal Investigator for an interdisciplinary project on shipwrecks in Stellwagen National Marine Sanctuary, including the steamship Portland, often termed “New England’s Titanic.” This project uses cutting-edge technology to construct 3D photogrammetric models of the Portland and other wrecks for archaeological and biological research and resource management. Kirstin also has ongoing projects in the Arctic and on coral reefs in Palau. Her work frequently takes her underwater using remotely operated vehicles and SCUBA and carries her to the far corners of the world. The coupling between FVCOM and FVCOM-SWAVE was achieved through incorporating 3D radiation stress, wave-current-sediment-related bottom boundary layer, sea surface stress parameterizations, and morphology process. FVCOM also includes a 3D sediment transport module. With accurate fitting of irregular coastlines, the model provides a unique tool to study sediment dynamics in coastal ocean, estuaries, and wetlands where local geometries are characterized by inlets, islands, and intertidal marsh zones. The model was validated by two standard benchmark tests: 1) spectral waves approaching a mild sloping beach and 2) morphological changes of seabed in an idealized tidal inlet. In Test 1, model results were compared with both analytical solutions and laboratory experiments.

A further comparison was also made with the structured grid Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), which provides an insight into the performance of the two models with the same open boundary forcing. Burchard, H., 2002. Applied Turbulence Modeling in Marine Waters. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Barcelona-Hong Kong-London-Milan Paris-Tokyo, 215pp. Download citation Received: 15 July 2010 Revised: 25 September 2010 Accepted: 29 October 2010 Published: 26 January 2011 Issue Date: March 2011 DOI: Key words FVCOM coupling radiation stress wave-current-sediment-related bottom boundary layer morphology. I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use Shareable Link Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more. Copy URL. FVCOM User Manual. University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA 02744 FVCOM solves the goverg equatos tegral for by coputg fluxes betwee o-overlappg horzotal tragular cotrol volues. Ths fte-volue approach cobes the best of fteeleet ethods FEM for geoetrc flexblty ad fte-dfferece ethods FDM for sple dscrete structures ad coputatoal effcecy. Ths uercal approach also provdes a uch better represetato of ass oetu salt ad heat coservato coastal ad estuare regos wth coplex geoetry. The coservatve ature of FVCOM addto to ts flexble grd topology ad code splcty ae FVCOM deally suted for terdscplary applcato the coastal ocea. The tal developet of FVCOM was started by a tea effort led by C. Che 999 at the Uversty of Georga wth support fro the Georga Sea Grat College Progra. The preset verso of FVCOM cludes ay ew optos ad copoets. Multple ope boudary codtos have also bee added to the code doe by H. Huag C. Che ad J. Q for the purpose of radatg eergy out of the coputatoal doa ad addg the lowfrequecy ass flux. The code has bee debugged usg a varety of applcatos ad s geerally ore relable tha prevous versos.

Born in New Zealand, Simon received his B.S. from the University of Auckland, and Ph.D. from James Cook University, North Queensland, Australia. With much of his work in the South Pacific and Caribbean, Simon has been on many cruises, logging 1,000 hours of scuba diving and 800 hours in tropical environs. He has been a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution since 2001. He has been a fisheries scientist with the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries since 1987 and currently heads up the Massachusetts Shark Research Program. He is also adjunct faculty at the University of Massachusetts School for Marine Science and Technology and an adjunct scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). He holds a master’s degree from the University of Rhode Island and a Ph.D. from Boston University. For more than 30 years, Greg has been actively involved in the study of life history, ecology, and physiology of sharks. His shark research has spanned the globe from the frigid waters of the Arctic Circle to coral reefs in the tropical Central Pacific. Much of his current research centers on the use of acoustic telemetry and satellite-based tagging technology to study the ecology and behavior of sharks. Greg has been an avid SCUBA diver and underwater photographer since 1978. He has written dozens of scientific research papers and has appeared in a number of film and television documentaries, including programs for National Geographic, Discovery Channel, BBC, and numerous television networks. His most recent book, The Shark Handbook, is a must buy for all shark enthusiasts. He is a Boston Sea Rover and a member of The Explorers Club; his home and laboratory are on the south coast of Massachusetts. He is an Explorer-At-Large at the National Geographic Society, Commissioner for the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, and a Research Scholar at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He served in the U.S.

Navy for more than 30 years and continues to work with the Office of Naval Research. A pioneer in the development of deep-sea submersibles and remotely operated vehicle systems, he has taken part in more than 155 deep-sea expeditions. In 1985, he discovered the RMS Titanic, and has succeeded in tracking down numerous other significant shipwrecks, including the German battleship Bismarck, the lost fleet of Guadalcanal, the U.S. aircraft carrier Yorktown, and John F. Kennedy’s boat, PT-109. He has also discovered hydrothermal vents and “black smokers” in the Galapagos Rift and East Pacific Rise in 1977 and 1979. The author of numerous books, scientific papers, and articles, he has been featured in several National Geographic television programs, including “Secrets of the Titanic ” a five-part mini-series, “Alien Deep with Bob Ballard.” and, in 2019, “Expedition Amelia.” He was a special advisor to Steve Spielberg on the futuristic television show seaQuest DSV. His honors include 22 Honorary Doctorates, National Geographic ’s highest award, the Hubbard Medal, and a National Endowment for the Humanities Medal. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014. He is known for his research on the ecology and evolution of fauna in deep-ocean hydrothermal, seamount, canyon and deep trench systems. He has conducted more than 60 scientific expeditions in the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Tim has completed more than 50 dives in the human operated submersible Alvin, and more than 100 dives with autonomous underwater and remotely-operated vehicles, including the first use of a hybrid ROV (Nereus) in the ocean’s deepest trenches. He is the author of the award-winning, best-selling book “ Discovering the Deep.

I a early stage the FVCOM developet D. Chapa WHOI gave ay valuable suggestos ad coets o the code structure ad odel valdato. May people the MEDM group have cotrbuted to FVCOM valdato studes ad applcatos cludg the Mout Hope Bay Massachusetts odelg by L. Zhao the Oatee Estuary South Carola by H. Huag the Satlla Rver Georga by J. Q the Ogeechee Rver Georga by H. L ad J. Q the South Cha Sea by Q. Xu ad H. L dye experets o Georges Ba by Q. Xu Kala V 7 Flter pleetato ad testg by P. Xue Z. La ad Q. Xu ad the Arctc Ocea by G.Gao ad H. L. J. Q has bee charge of updatg the codes ad valdato tests wth the assstace of G. Cowles ad C. Che. He has devoted uch te to cobg all odfcatos to the updated verso. We greatly apprecate all the users who have ade great cotrbutos to the code valdato studes ad applcatos to varous coastal ad regoal ocea evroets. Bugs reported by users have bee very helpful ad have cotrbuted to FVCOM s relablty ad accurate. The developet of FVCOM has beefted fro users coets ad suggestos. As the FVCOM developet tea leader Chagsheg Che reserves all rghts of ths product. The Uversty of Massachusetts-Dartouth ows the copyrght of the software of ths odel. All copyrghts are reserved. Uauthorzed reproducto ad dstrbuto of ths progra are expressly prohbted. Ths progra s oly pertted for use o-coercal acadec research ad educato. The coercal use s subect to a fee. Modfcato s ot ecouraged for users who do ot have a deep uderstadg of the code structures ad fte-volue uercal ethods used FVCOM. Cotrbutos ade to correctg ad odfyg the progra wll be credted but ot affect copyrghts. I ay publcatos wth the use of FVCOM acowledgeet ust be cluded. VI 8 FVCOM Software Users Lcese Agreeet All users should read ths agreeet carefully. A user who receves ay verso of the source code of FVCOM ust accept all the ters ad codtos of ths agreeet ad also agree that ths agreeet s le ay wrtte egotated agreeet sged by you. All copyrghts to the FVCOM code are reserved.

These are a reportg code bugs ad probles b sharg aor odfcatos ade to the code ad c cotrbutg to a ope ad ogog dscusso of odel defceces eeded proveets ad addtos ad aor successes. Cotact Drs. C. Che G. Cowles or R. Beardsley. These echass are teded to beeft the etre FVCOM user couty through quc otfcato of code probles possble solutos aor code proveets ad geeral the further developet of the FVCOM source code ad the assocated software tools eeded to process vsualze ad terpret FVCOM odel output. VII 9 C. FVCOM Valdato The user agrees to for Dr. Che about ay FVCOM odel valdato test case coducted by the user before foral publcato of the test case results. Ths step s teded to ze potetal errors grddg odel setup boudary codtos ad codg that could cotrbute to poor FVCOM perforace the valdato test case. There s o tet here to exercse ay pror restrat o publcato. D. Publcato of FVCOM Results The user agrees to acowledge FVCOM ay publcatos resultg fro the use of the FVCOM source code. The user agrees to use the ae FVCOM to refer to the odel. VIII 10 Chapter: Itroducto Throughout uch of the world oceas the er cotetal shelves ad estuares are characterzed by barrer slad coplexes lets ad extesve tertdal salt arshes. Such a rregularly-shaped ocea-lad arg syste presets a serous challege for oceaographers volved odel developet eve though the goverg equatos of ocea crculato are well defed ad uercally solvable ters of dscrete atheatcs. Two uercal ethods have bee wdely used ocea crculato odels: the fte-dfferece ethod Bluberg ad Mellor 987; Bluberg 994; Hadvogel et al. 000 ad the fte-eleet ethod Lych ad Nae 993; Nae 996. The fte-dfferece ethod s the ost basc dscrete schee ad has the advatage of coputatoal ad codg effcecy. Tragular grd eshes of arbtrary spatally-depedet sze are cooly used ths ethod ad ca provde a accurate fttg of the rregular coastal boudary. The P-type Fte-Eleet Method Maday ad Patera 988 or Dscotuous Galer Method Reed ad Hll 973; Cocbur et al.

998 has recetly bee appled to ocea ad have show prose provg both coputatoal accuracy ad effcecy. We have developed a 3-D ustructured-grd free-surface prtve equato Fte- Volue Coastal Ocea crculato Model called FVCOM Che et al. 003a; Che et al. 004b. Ule the dfferetal for used fte-dfferece ad fte-eleet odels FVCOM dscretzes the tegral for of the goverg equatos. Sce these tegral equatos ca be solved uercally by flux calculato le those used the ftedfferece ethod over a arbtrarly-szed tragular esh le those used the fteeleet ethod the fte-volue approach s better suted to guaratee ass coservato both the dvdual cotrol eleet ad the etre coputatoal doa. Fro a techcal pot of vew FVCOM cobes the best attrbutes of fte-dfferece ethods for sple dscrete codg ad coputatoal effcecy ad fte-eleet 11 ethods for geoetrc flexblty. Ths odel has bee successfully appled to study several estuare ad shelf regos that feature coplex rregular coastle ad topographc geoetry cludg ter-tdal floodg ad dryg see or for descrptos of these tal applcatos. Ths aual s provded to help users to uderstad the basc dscrete structure ad uercal ethods used FVCOM ad lear how to use the odel for ther ow applcatos. Detaled structos are gve for all steps e.g. grd geerato odel put ad output coplato parallel coputato etc. Several experets are cluded to provde ew users wth sple exaples of odel setup ad executo The reag chapters are orgazed as follows. Users should be aware that ths aual s oly useful for the curret verso of FVCOM. If users fd ay cosstecy betwee ths aual ad the FVCOM code t s lely to be due to a typo the aual. Please report ay probles wth ths aual as well as suggestos for proveet so that future versos ca be ehaced. 12 3 Chapter: The Model Forulato. Ths absorpto profle frst suggested by Kraus 97 has bee used uercal studes of upper ocea dural heatg by Spso h 4 14 ad Dcey 98a b ad others. The eatc ad heat ad salt flux codtos o the sold boudary are specfed as: T S v 0; 0; 0.

7 5 15 where v s the velocty copoet oral to the boudary ad s the coordate oral to the boudary. The error caused by accurate calculato of these two ters a fte-dfferece approach ght be larger tha ther real values. Ths splfcato s geerally soud for uch of the cotetal shelf the coastal ocea where the botto topography s sooth wth sall slope but over the shelf brea ad cotetal slope where the botto slope ca be qute large ths splfcato ca destroy the ature of the dyacs of the botto boudary layer ad result overestato of vertcal xg ad horzotal ad vertcal veloctes. A exaple for the portace of the exact expresso of the o oral flux codto at the botto gve.9 ad.3 ca be see Che et al. 006a. I the fte-volue approach the botto slope ad gradets of teperature ad salty for a rregular botto shape ca be drectly calculated usg a sple Gree s theore. Therefore FVCOM ca provde a accurate tracer flux at the botto usg.9 ad.3. Ths s oe of the advatages for usg FVCOM both coastal ad deep ocea applcatos. Questos related to the horzotal dffuso ters ad the stablty of FVCOM wthout these ters are beg addressed the FVCOM developet ad wll be proved a later verso. The boudary codtos are gve as follows. I the explct uercal approach the crtero for the te step s versely proportoal to the phase speed of these waves. Sce the sea-surface elevato s proportoal to the gradet of water trasport t ca be coputed usg vertcally tegrated equatos. The 3-D equatos the ca be solved uder codtos wth a gve sea-surface elevato. I ths uercal ethod called ode splttg the currets are dvded to exteral ad teral odes that ca be coputed usg two dstct te steps. The prtve equatos.-.7 are ot atheatcally closed uless horzotal ad vertcal dffuso for oetu teperature ad salty are detered. I FVCOM the user ay choose betwee usg a costat value for the horzotal dffuso coeffcet or the Sagorsy eddy paraeterzato ethod Sagorsy 963.

It s clear that the value of A vares wth the odel resoluto ad the gradet of horzotal veloctes: decreasg as the grd sze or horzotal velocty gradets are reduced. 19 A slar forula s also used for scalars whch s proportoal to the area of the dvdual tracer cotrol eleet ad the horzotal gradet of the tracer cocetrato. FVCOM features a wde choce of ocea turbulece closure odels for the paraeterzato of vertcal eddy vscosty K ad vertcal theral dffuso coeffcet K h. The Mellor ad Yaada 98 level.5 MY-.5 turbulet closure odel s the ost popular q ql type odel where q s the turbulet etc eergy ad l s the turbulet acroscale. FVCOM features a updated verso of the MY-.5 odel whch cludes a the upper ad lower boud lts of the stablty fucto proposed by Galper et al. 988; b the wd-drve surface wave breag-duced turbulet eergy put at the surface ad teral wave paraeterzato by Mellor ad Bluberg 004; ad c the proved paraeterzato of pressure-stra covarace ad shear stablty-duced xg the strogly stratfed rego by Katha ad Clayso 994. Recetly the Geeral Ocea Turbulet Model GOTM has becoe a very popular ope-source couty odel Burchard 00. The GOTM pleets a uber of turbulece odules whch rage fro a sple Rchardso paraeterzato to coplex Reyolds-stress turbulece closure odels.I geeral F q ad F l are ept as sall as possble to reduce the effects of horzotal dffuso o the solutos. I FVCOM F q ad F l are paraeterzed usg the Sagorsy forulato show above.Accordg to a proved ft to the observatoal data Terray et al. 000; Mellor ad Bluberg 004 z w ca be detered by where z w H s H s s the sgfcat wave heght defed as As suggested by Doela 990 ad Sth et al. 99 the wave age ad arsde roughess paraeter z o a for of 4 Hrs H rs s the rs wave heght. These two varables have the sae deftos as P s ad P b the MY level.5 odel. c c ad c 3 are eprcal costats. A detaled descrpto of the stadard ad advaced suarzed ext. Therefore t s sutable for regoal applcatos but ot for bas- or global-scale applcatos.